a name that is based on the given name (= the name given at birth) of someone's mother or one of their mother's ancestors

For surnames, I prefer the system of male children getting a patronymic and female children getting a matronymic. 对于姓氏，我更喜欢男孩随父，女孩随母的方式。

More than a third of people with recorded parents in 10th-century documents have matronymics. 在10世纪的文献中，有父母记录的人中有超过三分之一名字取自母亲。

(of a name) based on the given name (= the name given at birth) of someone's mother or one of their mother's ancestors

Patronymic or matronymic surnames derive from a mother or father's forename. 父姓或母姓源于母亲或父亲的名。