If a decision or vote goes against someone, they do not get the result that they wanted.

The judge's decision went against us. 法官的判决对我们不利。

The vote went against her (= she lost the vote). 投票选举的结果是她输了。

to oppose or disagree with something or someone

Public opinion is going against the government on this issue. 在这个问题上，公众舆论与政府的立场背道而驰。

What you're asking me to do goes against everything I believe in. 你现在要求我所做的事情违背了我的所有原则。