the act of removing earth that is covering very old objects buried in the ground in order to discover things about the past

Three skulls and one full skeleton were discovered during the excavation of an Egyptian tomb. 在发掘一座埃及坟墓时，发现了三具头骨和一具全身骸骨。

She has taken part in several excavations of Roman settlements across Europe. 她参加过几次发掘罗马人在欧洲的定居点的工作。

the act of digging a hole or channel in the ground, especially with a machine

The site has been undergoing demolition and excavation since August. 自八月以来，这个工地一直在进行拆除和挖掘工作。

Construction companies acknowledge the danger of excavation work. 建筑公司承认挖掘工作的危险性。