relating to a way of studying or describing a language or culture from the point of view of people who do not use the language or who live outside the culture

The linguist Kenneth L. Pike proposed a distinction between emic and etic language. 语言学家肯尼斯·L·派克提出了主位语言和客位语言之间的区别。

The emic "insider" perspective either complements or invalidates the etic "outsider" perspective. 主位的“内部人”视角会强化或否定客位的“外部人”视角。