the ability to understand completely and be familiar with a situation, facts, etc.

He has no comprehension of the size of the problem. 他不明白问题有多严重。

How she manages to fit so much into a working day is beyond my comprehension (= I cannot understand it). 我不明白她如何能在一个工作日里做那么多事情。

a test to find out how well students understand written or spoken language

a listening/reading comprehension 听力／阅读理解