(an amount of) money paid to the government that is based on your income or the cost of goods or services you have bought

They're increasing the tax on cigarettes. 他们要提高烟草税。

Tax cuts (= reductions in taxes) are always popular. 减税总是受欢迎的。

What do you earn before/after tax (= before/after you have paid tax on the money you earn)? 你的税前／税后收入是多少？

to make someone pay a tax

Husbands and wives may be taxed jointly/separately. 夫妻俩可以分别／合并纳税。

to need someone to make a lot of effort, either physical or mental

He only has to read a short report - it shouldn't tax him too much. 他只需读一篇简短的报告——这应该不会耗费他太多精力的。